English Notes

Midnight children established a narrative mode of writing and his interplay of history as autobiography and fantasy. He  was born on June 19,1947 and he drew this historic figure in 1981.He uses the expression like India's arrival at Independence to play history.  I was born in the city of Bombay to relate autobiography and once upon a time for fantasy. Thirty chapters of this book corresponding to the 30 years of excellent life and 30 years of India's run from Independence to emergency. History of public events used to put the level into prominence. The protagonist, Salim is tragically aware of central historical role, 'I had been mysteriously  handcuffed to history, my destination chained to my country.' Here, his destiny has been changed to the history of the country. Saleem's narrative is at once an account of his own life and a mirror of the life of India,it provides the form and also the structural base to the novel and to the protagonist, ...

  Midnight’s Children is a magic realism novel revolving around independence of India,written in Indian taste, by Salman Rushdie. The novel is semi autobiographical, though, Rushdie stands with magical powers. Midnight’s Children was critically acclaimed and won many literary awards including the Booker Prize. London Review of Books quoted "A brilliant and endearing novel, the latest of India's many contributions to English fiction and most remarkable of them all. " The protagonist of the novel,Saleem Sinai, born on 15th of August,1947, at the exact moment when India gets independence from Britain. Thirty years later, Saleem feels as if he is dying so he decides to tell the story of his life to his lover, Padma. Saleem begins the story of his grandfather, Aadam Aziz who lived in Kashmir, India. In Saleem’s story, Aadam is a doctor caring for a woman named Naseem who becomes Saleem’s grandmother.  The sheet was also a trick used by Naseem’s father who wanted Aadam ...

This is the time to change the way of life, this is the time to think wide,this is the time to use high energy, this is the time to motivate ourselves in different concernings, this is the time to project our future, this is the time to start something new, this is the time to spread brotherhood and love among the people in the world. This is the time to see the youths of the world with positive energy. I feel happy to say that people are responsible for their duties in the world. They produce highness of humanity to their posterities. I can never forget the contributions of them till the doomsday of my life. I can never claim the people across the world, who are responsible for? People of the world are trying to make human life more easier than possibilities. WTO,trying to commercialize the world, world's super power trying to command the integrated nations in the world. But fact is that, power genarates from the high energy of youths. It should be utilized in the surface of h...

Modern literary criticism is based upon a synthesis of the traditional and experimental background in the history of English literature. The historical and cultural Criticism consists on the works of scholars and professors like C.M.Boura, Efor Evans and Devid Cecil and also many more. Mostly new definitions and experimental methods are being used in modern society by the modern critics, the moral concerns of Mathew Arnold could be seen in the critical creeds of D.H.Lawrence and Middlton Murray. I think, many modern critics played vital roles in the area of modern Criticism but here I would like to mention some important critics as T.S.Eliot, I.A.Rechards, F.R.Leavis, John Crow, Clean Brooks and William Empson.                            T.S.Eliot , the greatest and most influential critic of Modern Age. He is also as John Dryden because ...

                  What is Sonnet ?                                It is a type of song which carries only fourteen lines, written in iambic pentameter. On another hand, it is a way of expressing inner feelings or emotions through lyrical sense and make the readers more and more understandable. It is also fact that sonnet has only fourteen lines because in my previous class only 14 lines introduced by my teacher and I found with the taste of literary notes only 14 lines, got it into two different forms, forms of William Shakespeare , is known as Shakespearean Sonnet and another forms of Petrarch ,is known as Petrarchan sonnet . Shakespearean Sonnet has three quatrains and a heroic couplet,also known as English Sonnet, it's scheme is abab,cdcd,efef,gg. Petrarchan Sonnet has two groups octave and sestet, is known as Italian Sonnet, it's scheme is abbaabba,...

Summary 'The Financial Expert', a practical novel of R K Narayan.  He was born in 1906 with the responsibility to uplift the strength of Indian literature. He is one of the best Indian writers to portray the real situation of financial life of people in the society. He wrote some prominent novels and a number of short stories in his literary career. He is also a centered novelist because of Malgudi. His famous novels like Swami  and Friends in 1935, The Bachelor of Arts in 1937,The Guide, The English Teacher in 1945,The Dark Room published in 1938 , Mr. Sampath in 1949, The Vendor of Sweets in 1967, The Malgudi Days in 1982 but Malgudi Days (a collection of short stories) published in 1941,and The Financial Expert in 1952 and also some others but here I am going to summarize the base of human financial condition through his important novel 'The Financial Expert. This  is a brilliant and delightful novel for the gentle irony used to bring out a rise and fal...

'Crucial Effect of Britain on Indian society' As we know that the English ruled over India for two hundred years with the hands of cruelty. The major difference between the British colonists in India and earlier invaders was that none of the earlier invaders made any structural changes in Indian economy.British rule in India caused a transformation of India’s economy into a colonial economy, the structure and operation of Indian economy were determined by the interests of the British economy.Ruin of Artisans and Handicraftsmen,Cheap and machine-made imports flooded the Indian market  and also the base of Indian society after the Charter Act of 1813 allowing one-way free trade for the British citizens. On the other hand, Indian products found it more and more difficult to penetrate the European markets or in British society.After 1820, European markets were virtually closed to Indian exports. The newly introduced rail network helped the European products to reach the...

Before going through Victorian Criticism, we must be sure about The Victorian Age. This Age is known worldwide after the reign of Queen Victoria , the first woman ruler for  the vast political, social, technological and ethical changes during the period from 1837 to 1901 . Victorian Criticism reflected the ideological upheaval which was presented within society as a whole. There were new advances in empirical sciences such as biology and geology gave questions about the nature of reality and previous ideas about religion and truth. Increased overcrowding, poverty and disease, in addition to a climate of materialism and mechanization, resulted in a generalized cultural feeling of anxiety and necessity. Given this idea to the proper function of literature and of criticism became a subject of wide range  of debate. Critics of the day examined literature in relationship to other modes of discourse such as science, religion, and art. According to Alba, the post-Romantic critics “...

"The English Teacher", is a fantastic novel written by R. K. Narayan in 1945.There  is a series of novels and collections of short stories set in "Malgudi",a crowded city of Southern India. The English Teacher was preceded by Swami and Friends (1935), The Bachelor of Arts (1937), Malgudi Days (1943) and followed by Mr. Sampath – The Printer of Malgudi. His novels touched the roots of Indian society and he exposed his dominating ideas upon Indian systems not only into one field but also into different fields. This novel"Swami and Friends",dedicated to Narayan's wife Rajam,it is not only autobiographical but also poignant in its intensity of emotions and thoughts.The story  of this novel is a series of life experiences of Krishna,who is an English teacher and his quest for inner peace and self-development. This novel contains many themes and many messages for us and also many directions of human thoughts and feelings. Krishna is a main character in t...